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arithmetical extension

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  • Degree of a field extension — In mathematics, more specifically field theory, the degree of a field extension is a rough measure of the size of the extension. The concept plays an important role in many parts of mathematics, including algebra and number theory indeed in any… …   Wikipedia

  • Second-order arithmetic — In mathematical logic, second order arithmetic is a collection of axiomatic systems that formalize the natural numbers and sets thereof. It is an alternative to axiomatic set theory as a foundation for much, but not all, of mathematics. The… …   Wikipedia

  • Class field theory — In mathematics, class field theory is a major branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of number fields. Most of the central results in this area were proved in the period between 1900 and 1950. The theory takes its name… …   Wikipedia

  • Gödel's incompleteness theorems — In mathematical logic, Gödel s incompleteness theorems, proved by Kurt Gödel in 1931, are two theorems stating inherent limitations of all but the most trivial formal systems for arithmetic of mathematical interest. The theorems are of… …   Wikipedia

  • Number theory — A Lehmer sieve an analog computer once used for finding primes and solving simple diophantine equations. Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers. Number theorists study prime numbers (the… …   Wikipedia

  • Reverse mathematics — is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. The method can briefly be described as going backwards from the theorems to the axioms. This contrasts with the ordinary… …   Wikipedia

  • Timeline of mathematics — A timeline of pure and applied mathematics history. Contents 1 Before 1000 BC 2 1st millennium BC 3 1st millennium AD 4 1000–1500 …   Wikipedia

  • Function (mathematics) — f(x) redirects here. For the band, see f(x) (band). Graph of example function, In mathematics, a function associates one quantity, the a …   Wikipedia

  • Arithmetic function — In number theory, an arithmetic (or arithmetical) function is a real or complex valued function ƒ(n) defined on the set of natural numbers (i.e. positive integers) that expresses some arithmetical property of n. [1] An example of an arithmetic… …   Wikipedia

  • Laws of Form — (hereinafter LoF ) is a book by G. Spencer Brown, published in 1969, that straddles the boundary between mathematics and of philosophy. LoF describes three distinct logical systems: * The primary arithmetic (described in Chapter 4), whose models… …   Wikipedia

  • Pascal's triangle — The first six rows of Pascal s triangle In mathematics, Pascal s triangle is a triangular array of the binomial coefficients in a triangle. It is named after the French mathematician, Blaise Pascal. It is known as Pascal s triangle in much of the …   Wikipedia

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